The research utilizes a large quantitative data set in Canada, the Ethnic Diversity Survey, to develop a specific index to measure the social, cultural, and civic integration of immigrants in Canada and then selectively applies it for some comparative analyses. This paper reports on one segment of a research project that was funded by the former Prairie Metropolis Centre. Our findings advocate that, during recessions, public health responses should be seen as a crucial component of suicide prevention. Our results are robust if we consider the mid-term cyclical relationship.
In this regard, while male suicide rates are non-negligibly influenced by economic downturns, female suicide rates are in general more responsive to a more open political and economic environment. Controlling for aspects like wars, health care availability, political instability, and demographic changes, we find a strong association between a decline in the growth rate of real output and an increase in suicide rates for the whole population. We place this exercise in the specific historical context of the XX and early XXI century in Portugal, emphasizing the role of economic recessions and expansions. In this study we examine how different economic and social aspects affected Portuguese suicide rates for more than one hundred years (1910–2013). Moreover, they can be an indicator of self-reported emotional satisfaction and a good marker of overall well-being.
Suicides are a major concern for public health first and foremost because they are an avoidable cause of death.
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